Extractivism in Madagascar refers to the exploitation and extraction of natural resources, including: precious wood (such as rosewood), mineral resources (gold, graphite, nickel, cobalt, ilmenite, etc.), marine resources and fishing, fertile land for industrial agriculture (such as vanilla and cloves). These activities have harmful impacts on the environment and the lives of local populations, especially rural women.
According to a report by the “World Rainforest Movement,” Mikea women in southern Madagascar face severe challenges due to the exploitation of forests and natural resources. They are often prohibited from practicing traditional livelihoods such as woodcutting, hunting, and small-scale mining, leading to poverty and increased social difficulties.
Additionally, women are excluded from negotiations with extractive companies, which are typically conducted solely with men. As a result, women do not benefit from jobs or decision-making processes.
Research by “DIAPASON” shows that women and youth are especially vulnerable to the negative socio-economic impacts. They often lack sufficient income, access to decent jobs, and are excluded from decision-making spaces.
In conclusion, rural women play a key role in the protection of natural resources, yet they are systematically marginalized and suffer losses under the extractivist system. It is crucial to ensure that they have access to rights, resources, skills, and participation in decision-making in order to support the sustainability of both communities and the environment.

Examples of extractive companies operating in Madagascar:

• Toliara Sands (ilmenite in Toliara): Widely contested by local communities. The national FARM movement supported the opposition, and local members led direct actions.
• QMM (Rio Tinto) in Fort-Dauphin: Also extracts ilmenite and has been criticized for its environmental and water-related impacts.
• Ambatovy (nickel and cobalt): A major exporting company, often debated in terms of revenue generation and its impact on local communities.

Sources of some data: World Rainforest Movement and DIAPASON.